JLPT N1 Grammar

〜を踏まえて (o fumaete)

〜を踏まえて (o fumaete)
“Based on; taking into account; in light of”

This expression is used when a speaker performs an action or makes a judgment by using existing data, past experiences, or specific premises as a foundation. In a professional context, it signals that a decision or strategy is not arbitrary but is grounded in specific evidence or feedback.

  • Formality: Formal to Neutral. It is a staple of business Japanese, particularly in meetings, reports, and presentations.
  • Context: Highly common in Business Management (decision making), Marketing/Strategy (market analysis), and Engineering (designing based on specs or user feedback).
  • Nuance: It carries a logical and objective tone. It implies a "step-by-step" reasoning process—first considering the facts ($A$), then moving forward with the action ($B$). Unlike similar expressions, it suggests $A$ is the essential platform or "footing" for $B$.

Format

  • [Noun] + を踏まえて
    今回のテストの結果を踏まえて、勉強方法を見直します。 Based on the results of this test, I will review my study methods.
  • [Noun] + を踏まえた + [Noun]
    事実を踏まえた報告書を作成してください。 Please create a report based on the facts.

Example sentences

  • 、。
    Based on last year's sales performance, we will reset the KPIs for the next period.
  • 。
    I created a product roadmap that takes the moves of our competitors into account.
  • 、。
    In light of the feedback from the engineers, we partially changed the requirements definition.
  • 、。
    Strategies that do not take frontline challenges into account run the risk of becoming mere formalities.
  • 、。
    Taking these research results into account, we will judge the feasibility of the new business.

Similar Grammar

〜に基づいて (ni motozuite)

“Based on; on the basis of”
アンケートの結果に基づいて、新しいサービスを開発した。 We developed a new service based on the survey results.

Difference:

  • Used when something is used as a strict standard, law, or data source (e.g., "based on the contract").
  • 〜を踏まえて is broader and includes subjective experiences or "taking circumstances into account."

〜をもとにして (o moto ni shite)

“Based on; using as a raw material/hint”
この映画は、実話をもとにして作られた。 This movie was made based on a true story.

Difference:

  • Often used when creating something new from a source (e.g., "a movie based on a true story").
  • 〜を踏まえて focuses more on the consideration process before an action.

〜に即して (ni sokushite)

“In accordance with; following the lead of”
現状に即して、計画を変更する必要がある。 It is necessary to change the plan in accordance with the current situation.

Difference:

  • Used when you want to emphasize sticking closely to facts, rules, or current situations without deviating (e.g., "acting in accordance with the facts").

〜からして (kara shite)

“Judging from; starting with”
彼は話し方からして、とても頭が良さそうだ。 Judging from the way he speaks, he seems very intelligent.

Difference:

  • Used to highlight a small detail as evidence for a larger judgment, or to say "judging from the look of it."
  • It doesn't imply "incorporating" the information like 〜を踏まえて does.

〜を考慮して (o kōryo shite)

“Considering; taking into consideration”
周囲の状況を考慮して、発言を控えた。 Considering the surrounding situation, I refrained from speaking.

Difference:

  • Very similar, but "kōryo" is purely the mental act of thinking about factors.
  • 〜を踏まえて stronger emphasizes that those factors are the ground upon which you are standing/acting.

JLPT Practice Questions

Now let’s test your understanding.

Q1. の（　　　）、はのにする。
A.
B.
C.
D.

Q2. のでのは、の（　　　）。
A.
B.
C.
D.

Q3. の（　　　）でなければ、なは。
A.
B.
C.
D.

Q4. のは、3（　　　）。
A.
B.
C.
D.

Q5. の（　　　）、のが。
A.
B.
C.
D.

Q6. のをさせる行為は、（　　　）。
A.
B.
C.
D.

Q7. （　　　）、のを。
A.
B.
C.
D.

Q8. へのは、5000（　　　）。
A.
B.
C.
D.

Q9. の（　　　）、をする。
A.
B.
C.
D.

Q10. のは、（　　　）。
A.
B.
C.
D.

Q11. の（　　　）、のが。
A.
B.
C.
D.

Q12. のは、で30（　　　）。
A.
B.
C.
D.

Q13. の（　　　）をのが、へのだ。
A.
B.
C.
D.

Q14. の（　　　）、をがある。
A.
B.
C.
D.

Q15. のは、のもの（　　　）。
A.
B.
C.
D.

Continue Your Journey to Native-Level Fluency

Great work finishing this session! Achieving N1-level precision is about layering these subtle distinctions until they become second nature in your professional life.

To maintain your momentum and eliminate any remaining blind spots, head back to our JLPT N1 Grammar List. Use it to systematically check off each point and refine your ability to navigate complex Japanese environments with the confidence of a native speaker.

JLPT N1 Grammar List

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