JLPT N1 Grammar
〜ないではすまない (nai de wa sumanai) “Must; cannot avoid doing; will inevitably have to...” This expression is used to express that, given the social circumstances, moral obligations, or the seriousness of a situation, one cannot finish or resolve a matter without taking a specific action. It implies that simply doing nothing
JLPT N1 Grammar
〜ずにはすまない (zu ni wa sumanai) “Cannot help but...; cannot avoid...; must (socially/morally)...” This expression is used to indicate that, given the circumstances or social expectations, one cannot avoid doing something, or is morally/socially compelled to take a certain action. It often implies that if the action is not
JLPT N1 Grammar
〜もって (motte) “With (intensity); through (personal action); by (way of)” This expression is used to emphasize the way something is done, often highlighting a strong emotion, a specific attitude, or a firsthand experience. * Formality: Highly formal and literary. * Context: Used in formal speeches, literature, or high-level business praise (e.g.
JLPT N1 Grammar
〜をもって (wo motte) “By means of; With; As of; At (the time)” This expression has two primary functions in N1-level Japanese: indicating the limit/boundary of time or indicating the means/method by which something is accomplished. * Formality: Highly formal and literary. It is rarely used in casual conversation and
JLPT N1 Grammar
〜たはずみで (ta hazumi de) “By chance; accidentally; as a result of the momentum of...” This expression is used to describe an accidental or unintended consequence that occurs due to the physical momentum of an action or a sudden, momentary impulse. It implies that "Action A" happened with such
JLPT N1 Grammar
〜といい〜といい (to ii ~ to ii) "Both... and..."; "Whether... or..." This expression is used to point out two representative examples of a person or thing to emphasize that the entirety of that subject shares a certain quality or state. It is typically used when the speaker
JLPT N1 Grammar
〜たる (taru) “Being; As a; In the capacity of; Worthy of” This expression is used to define the high expectations, responsibilities, or inherent nature that come with a specific status, position, or profession. It is most commonly used to state a moral obligation or a standard that someone in a
JLPT N1 Grammar
〜より (yori) “Because; for the reason that; due to” This expression is used to indicate a reason or cause for a following action, state, or decision. It is a highly specialized grammatical marker used in specific formal contexts to connect a reason to a result. * Formality: Extremely formal and archaic.
JLPT N1 Grammar
〜ゆえに (yue ni) “Because of; due to; owing to” This expression indicates a strong causal relationship between a reason and a result. It is used to state that "Result B" exists precisely because of "Reason A." It often highlights a direct, inevitable, or inherent connection between
JLPT N1 Grammar
〜てまえ (temae) “Because of...; in front of...; due to the position of...” This expression is used to indicate that because of a certain social position, a promise made, or a specific situation, the speaker feels a strong sense of social pressure, moral obligation, or the need to save face. It
JLPT N1 Grammar
〜こととて (koto to te) “Because; since; due to the fact that” This expression is used to provide a reason or an excuse for a certain situation, often one that is unavoidable or for which the speaker is seeking forgiveness. It suggests that because of a specific circumstance, the resulting action
JLPT N1 Grammar
〜がゆえに (ga yue ni) "Because of; due to; owing to" This expression is used to indicate a reason or cause. It emphasizes that a specific result or situation has arisen directly because of the preceding factor. It often carries a nuance that the result is an inevitable consequence